THE INTERNET
Internet Definition
-The Internet, sometimes called simply
"the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get
information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at
other computers).
-A means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in
the world via dedicated routers and servers. When two computers are connected
over the Internet, they can send and received all kinds of information such as
test, graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.
history of the internet
-1957 – 1978 – The advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA) was
created as a direct response to the launch of the Sputnik by the Soviet Union.
-1967
– Donald Davies coined this process “packet-switching”
1969 – ARPANET facilities the first
packet-switching between UCLA and SRI International.
1972 – Email program is written by
Ray Tomlison
and the @ symbol is introduced
1973 – 75% of all network traffic is
E-mail.
1979 – BBS went online to the public,
allowing people to use a virtual notice board, exchanging ideas and
information.
1984 – The development of Doman Name
Services is implemented in order for people to easily identify and locate
computers linked to the internet.
1990
– Tim Berners-Lee coined the term “World Wide Web”
The
first Internet Web Browser
1996 – Approximately 45 million
people using the internet
1999 – 150 million users
2000 – 407 million users
2004 – Between 600 – 800 million
2007 – 1.3 billion people connected
to the internet world wide
2011 - more than 2 billion people connected to the internet world wide.
The World Wide Web is deeply
ingrained in our culture and everyday lives.
-Source of news, facts and figures.
-Communication tool
-Banking
-Shopping
-An Educational and Entertainment
medium.
How the internet works?
1. Transport control Protocol (TCP)
- a protocol that operates at the transport layer and is used in combination with IP by most Internet applications.
2. Backbone
- an internet high-speed, long distance communications links (like a bus; wire that connects nodes)
3. Uniform resource locator (URL)- an assigned address on th Internet for each computer
- E.g., http://www.yorku.ca/
How to access the Internet?
- Many schools and businesses have direct access to the Internet using special high-speed communication lines and equipment.
- Students and employees can access through the organization's local area networks (LAN) or through their own personal computers.
- another way to access the Internet is through Internet Service Provider (ISP)
- To access the Internet, an existing network need to pay a small registration fee and agree to certain standards based on the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) reference model.
- Each organization pays for its own networks and its own telephone
- The regional Internet companies route and forward all traffic, and the cost is still only that of a local telephone call.
Internet Connection
1. LAN servers
- Local servers can provide access to the Internet through normal connection (e.g., Ethernet)
- Communications protocol software that transmits packets over telephone lines, allowing dial-up access to the Internet
- Examples are America Online and Microsoft Network. These services usually require sign-up procedures.
Internet Service Provider
What/Who is the Internet service provider (ISP)?
- any company that provides individuals or companies with access to the Internet
- thousands of providers including large communications companies
- Need an account with the ISP and softwares that links with TCP/IP
- A commercial organization with permanent connection to the Internet that tells temporary connections to subscribers.
- Examples:
- maxis net, Celcom, Jaring
- America Online
- Microsoft network
- AT&T networks etc.
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